Automotive & Transportation // Automotive Materials
The global brake
system market is foreseen to grow by 5.1%, from USD 25.94 Billion in 2022 to
USD 38.62 Billion in 2030. Stringent safety regulations, integration of ACC in
electronic braking systems to enhance vehicle handling, impact of New Car
Assessment Program (NCAP) is to drive the market for the upcoming forecast
period. However, high development and maintenance costs of advanced braking
technology remains one factor hindering the market growth over the anticipated
period.
Market Definition
What Is Brake System?
The brake
system is an essential component of any vehicle, responsible for ensuring that
the vehicle can slow down or come to a complete stop when needed. The brake
system works by converting the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle into heat,
which is then dissipated through the brakes to bring the vehicle to a stop. In
this essay, we will discuss the various components of the brake system, how
they work together, and recent developments in brake technology.
The brake system is
made up of several key components, including the brake pedal, brake lines,
brake calipers, and brake pads. When the driver presses the brake pedal,
hydraulic pressure is generated, which is then transmitted through the brake
lines to the brake calipers. The brake calipers contain pistons that press the
brake pads against the brake rotors, causing friction that slows down or stops
the vehicle.
In recent years, there have been several notable
developments in brake technology that are improving the performance and safety
of vehicles. One such development is the introduction of anti-lock braking
systems (ABS), which prevent the wheels from locking up during hard braking.
ABS systems use sensors to detect when a wheel is about to lock up, and then
rapidly release and reapply the brakes to prevent skidding.
Another important development in brake technology is the use
of regenerative braking systems in hybrid and electric vehicles. Regenerative
braking systems use the kinetic energy of the vehicle to generate electricity,
which is then used to recharge the vehicle's battery. This not only improves
the efficiency of the vehicle but also reduces wear and tear on the brake
system.
Additionally, there has been an increasing focus on the use
of lightweight materials in brake systems, such as carbon fiber and ceramic
composites. These materials offer improved performance and durability while
reducing the weight of the brake system, which can improve fuel efficiency and
handling.
In conclusion, the brake system is a critical component of
any vehicle, responsible for ensuring the safety of drivers and passengers on
the road. Recent developments in brake technology, including the introduction
of ABS systems, regenerative braking, and lightweight materials, are improving
the performance and safety of vehicles, and these trends are likely to continue
in the years to come. As vehicles become more advanced and the demands on brake
systems increase, it is clear that the development of new and innovative brake
technologies will be crucial to keeping drivers safe and vehicles running
smoothly.
The driver in the automotive industry towards vehicle safety
is the inclusion of advanced brake systems like ABS and EBD. Electronic braking
systems such as ABS, BA, and EBD are effective in reducing stopping distance
and enhancing vehicle stability and directional control. Compared to
conventional braking systems, ABS provides shorter stopping distances during
hard braking. According to ROSPA, ABS ensures the shortest distance to bring a
vehicle to a stop. BA, which is usually used together with ABS, can reduce the
stopping distance by 45%. The regulatory norms for vehicle safety are expected
to boost the adoption of ABS and BA in the coming years.
EBD is an extension of ABS and ensures equal force
distribution to each wheel, providing enhanced stability, reduced stopping
distance, improved traction, and maximized braking efficiency. Developing
countries like India and Mexico are following the trend and have announced
their intention to adopt advanced braking systems like EBD and ESC in their new
vehicles. The Indian automobile industry has already embraced ESC and plans to
make EBD mandatory from 2023. The Mexican government also plans to install ESC
and EBD in selected vehicles produced from 2022.
Restraints in Brake
System Market
The high costs associated with the development and
maintenance of advanced braking technology serve as a restraint to their
widespread adoption. The expenses of maintaining brake systems are significant,
with routine service requiring the replacement of various components, such as
brake fluid, shoes, pads, rotors, and cleaning, adjusting, and lubricating of
other mechanisms. These expenses can add up quickly, especially with the
installation of an anti-lock braking system (ABS), which involves costly
sensors on each wheel, averaging between USD 150-400 per sensor replacement and
USD 90-200 for brake fluid replacement, as reported by Repair Smith.
Additionally, critical components such as master cylinders, rotors, calipers,
drums, pads, and cylinders can cost anywhere between USD 750-1,000 to replace.
In countries such as India and Brazil, where cost
sensitivity is high, advanced electronic braking systems are primarily limited
to high-end vehicles. The added cost of maintenance and repair for these
systems acts as a significant restraint to their adoption in such markets.
Opportunities in
Brake System Market
In an effort to reduce vehicle crashes, more than 40
countries agreed to a draft United Nations Regulation in 2019 for Advanced
Emergency Braking (AEB) systems in cars and light vehicles. The European Union
has since amended its Regulation No. 152-00 to require vehicle manufacturers to
include AEB in new light passenger and commercial vehicles, and also mandates
testing of vehicles at 60 MPH to ensure proper deployment of AEB systems. AEB
systems are gaining popularity, in large part due to government mandates that
make it a mandatory feature in vehicle models. AEB systems help prevent
potential collisions, reduce the intensity of collisions, enhance braking
force, and are effective on both urban and highway roads.
In 2016, 20 major automakers voluntarily agreed to make
advanced emergency braking systems a standard feature in nearly all of their
new vehicles by September 1, 2022. As of December 2021, more than 12 major
automakers from China have equipped nearly all of their 2021 vehicles with AEB,
and more manufacturers plan to meet the voluntary commitment to equip nearly
all of their vehicles with AEB by the same date. According to estimates by the
IIHS, if all automakers meet this agreement, it could prevent 42,000 crashes
and 20,000 injuries by 2025.
Challenges in Brake
System Market
Air brake freeze-ups pose a significant challenge for
heavy-duty vehicles like trucks and trailers. Moisture in the brake lines or
shoes is the most common cause of trailer brake freezing, and this problem is
more common during winters. Repairing frozen air brakes requires a lot of
effort and can be particularly challenging if the vehicle uses an ABS system.
In such cases, moisture can accumulate in the ABS valves, causing them to
freeze and malfunction. Therefore, managing moisture in trailer brake lines is
critical, especially in developed countries of Europe and North America where
stability control is now a standard feature in new trucks.
Recently, in March 2021, Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems,
LLC issued a recall notice to the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) for 2,090 Bendix SC-3 check valves that are part of an
air-brake system due to manufacturing defects. This highlights the importance
of ensuring the reliability and safety of air brake systems, and manufacturers
need to take appropriate measures to address any issues that could lead to
brake failure or malfunction.
The brake system market ecosystem is composed of several key
players, including raw materials suppliers, component and part manufacturers,
brake system manufacturers, and OEMs. The braking systems consist of either
disc or drum brakes and are equipped with brake pads and linings, which are
made from various friction materials such as phenol resin, aramid fiber, steel
fiber, graphite, and others. Parts manufacturers supply components such as ABS
control modules, brake boosters, master cylinders, brake pedals, wheel speed
sensors, and more.
Brake system manufacturers and system integrators procure
these parts and components from suppliers and use them to design brake systems
based on the specific requirements of OEMs. OEMs then directly deploy and
install these systems in their vehicle models. This market ecosystem involves a
complex supply chain where each player has a specific role to play, from raw
material suppliers to OEMs, in bringing high-quality brake systems to the
market.
The hydraulic brake system is expected to be the largest
market segment, by actuation, due to the growing production of passenger cars
and light commercial vehicles (LCVs). The hydraulic brake system offers several
advantages such as better heat dissipation than mechanical brakes, improved
braking power transmission, compact size, and ease of repair due to readily
available brake parts in the aftermarket. These benefits are driving the
increased penetration of hydraulic brake systems in the global brake system market
during the forecast period.
Recent developments such as the use of Glycol ethers and
derivatives in place of mineral oils have further reduced the cost and
increased the life of brake fluid. Since almost all passenger cars and LCVs are
equipped with hydraulic brake systems, the Asia Pacific region has the largest
hydraulic brake market. China and India are expected to hold the largest market
shares in Asia Pacific due to higher production of passenger cars and LCVs.
North America and Europe also have a significant presence in the hydraulic
brake market, but as local automobile OEMs outsource their manufacturing to
developing countries, the brake products aftermarket is expected to show more
promising growth in these regions.
The passenger car brake systems market is anticipated to be
the fastest-growing segment during the forecast period, driven by the
increasing demand for advanced braking systems. Passenger cars employ two
braking systems, namely, service brakes and parking brakes. The government
mandates have played a significant role in boosting the brake system market, particularly
the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) initiated by the US in 1978 to improve
road and vehicle safety. This program has encouraged governments worldwide to
adopt advanced braking systems and establish their local NCAPs. The Global
NCAP, established by UN member states, promotes the universal adoption of the
United Nation's most important motor vehicle safety standards worldwide,
including Electronic Stability Control (ESC), which includes Anti-lock Braking
System (ABS) and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD). Therefore, the
demand for braking technologies from OEMs is expected to increase due to this
mandate.
Although advanced brakes are already popular in Europe and
North America, the increasing adoption of such brakes in the Asia Pacific
region is expected to drive market growth. The Ministry of Road Transport &
Highways of India announced in April 2019 that electronic stability control and
autonomous braking will become mandatory features on passenger cars in India by
2023, which will further increase the adoption of advanced brake systems.
Passenger cars and SUVs with all four-wheel disc brakes are gaining popularity
in Asia Pacific and the rest of the world due to stringent safety standards,
making these braking systems mandatory. As a result, the passenger car brake
system market is expected to experience robust growth in the coming years.
According to forecasts, the agricultural equipment brake
system market is expected to experience the most significant growth in the
coming years. The agriculture equipment segment is projected to lead the
Off-highway equipment brake system market in terms of volume, driven primarily
by the higher sales of agricultural tractors worldwide compared to construction
equipment. The Asia Pacific region's increasing levels of farm mechanization
are expected to be a significant driver for this segment, particularly during
the forecast period. In India, for example, tractor sales have seen a 23%
growth between 2020 and 2022.
Furthermore, the Off-highway equipment brake system market
is expected to benefit from the growing construction and mining activities
resulting from rapid industrialization, particularly in developing countries
such as India and Brazil. These countries have already relaxed regulations
concerning the mining industry to encourage sector growth, which is driving the
demand for mining and construction equipment in Asia Pacific and RoW. This
trend is expected to contribute significantly to the growth of the global
Off-highway equipment brake system market.
The global ATV market is expected to experience significant
growth in the coming years, driven by the increasing popularity of ATVs for
sports and recreational activities, growing farm mechanization, and rising
number of off-road sports events and championships. This growth in ATV sales is
expected to drive the ATV brake system market.
North America is the leading market for ATVs and accounts
for over 60-62% of the total ATV brake system market globally. In 2021, the US
and Canada together accounted for around 70-75% of the total ATV production in
the region, indicating a high demand for ATVs in North America. The region is
dominated by key players such as Polaris Industries, Textron, BRP, Hisun,
Bennche, and John Deere. Utility ATVs, which are in high demand in the military
and agriculture sectors, dominate the ATV market in North America.
The growing production and sales of ATVs in North America
are expected to boost the ATV brake system market in the coming years.
During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is
expected to lead the automotive brake systems market. The rise in automotive
production in the region, driven by changing consumer preferences, increasing
disposable income of the middle-class population, and cost advantages for local
automobile OEMs, has made Asia Pacific a hub for automotive production. Major
manufacturers like BMW Motors and Volkswagen AG have already established their
manufacturing units in the region on a large scale. The demand for disc brakes
in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles is increasing, and brake system
manufacturers are expanding to cope with this demand, driving the growth of the
brake system market in Asia Pacific. Companies like Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.,
Akebono Brake Corporation, Mando Corporation, and Hitachi Automotive Systems
Ltd. have a strong presence in the region.
China and India are the largest brake system markets in the Asia Pacific region. In these countries, the increasing vehicle production and regulatory compliance with the UN agreement on approval and recognition for motor vehicle equipment and parts (ECE-R-13) are driving the market for brake systems. Japan and South Korea already have a significant penetration of electronic braking systems, which comply with advanced braking system regulations stipulated in the US FMVSS105 and European ECE R13-H guidelines due to their local regulations. As the implementation of stringent safety standards is expected to continue, the demand for brake systems in the region is expected to grow further in the coming years.
Market Segmentation
For the purpose
of this report, the global Brake System market segmented on the basis of brake
type, technology, vehicle type, actuation type, application, and region:
Brake Type Outlook:
On the basis of
brake type, the market is segmented into disc, drum, hydrostatic, hydraulic
wet, regenerative & dynamic braking.
Technology Outlook:
On the basis of
technology, the market is segmented into Antilock Braking Systems (ABS),
Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Traction Stability Control (TCS),
Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD).
Vehicle Type Outlook:
On the basis of
Vehicle Type, the market is segmented into Passenger Car, Light-commercial
Vehicles (LCV), Truck, Bus.
Figure 1 Brake System Market By Vehicle Type (Market
Size And Forecast By Value - USD Million, 2022 & 2030)